Aims The aim was to analyze current ecological risk management systems, identify their shortcomings and implement solutions that will help avoid them, and study the ecological component when creating documents concerning the ecological modernization of enterprises. Information & Methods The present study investigates ecological and civil safety using logical analysis, comparative analysis, the formal-legal method, synthesis, deduction, and the analysis method of scientific literature. Findings The result of this paper is the identification of theoretical and practical foundations of ecological risk management systems, their effectiveness in preventing anthropogenic and ecological disasters, and the analysis of the regulatory framework for creating and implementing documentation to be used in the ecological modernization of enterprises. Conclusion The authors developed ecological risk management systems, eliminating shortcomings in their performance, introducing methods that will improve and make such systems more effective, as well as increasing the level of the ecological component during operations with documents that are cornerstones for ecological improvement of institutions and enterprises.

Introduction Several factors affect the crop yield and weeds are among the most important factors reducing crop yields. There are high tendency to develop alternative methods of herbicides for natural control of weeds in organic products. One of the alternative methods to manage weeds is intercropping. Intercropping is growing two or more crops simultaneously in a piece of land during a growing season. The objectives of the present study were to examine the effect of cereal-legume intercropping on weeds growth. Materials and Methods A field experiment was conducted in College of Agriculture of Darab, Shiraz University during 2014-2015. In the experiment 16 treatments (five weed free monocultures of wheat (M1), barley (M2), triticale (M3), pea (M4), faba bean (M5), 5 weedy monocultures of wheat (WM1), barley (WM2), triticale (WM3), pea (WM4), faba bean (WM5), and six replacement intercropping treatments of wheat + pea (I1), wheat + faba bean (I2), barley + pea (I3), barley + faba bean (I4), triticale + pea (I5) and triticale + faba bean (I6) without weed control) using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates were studied. Cereals and legumes were planted simultaneously at 23 November 2014. Planting operation was conducted on both sides of the ridges. Weed diversity was calculated by Shannon diversity index: 1 ln s i H N i N i  N N    N=Total number of plants in each plot of one square meter, Ni= number of species i plants, S= total number of species, and H= Shannon diversity index. This index value ranging from zero to five, higher index value, greater diversity. Results and Discussion The results showed that the lowest density and biomass of weeds were obtained in both sole culture and intercropping of barley. For instance, the lowest weed biomass was observed in monoculture of weedy barley (1 g. m-2), intercropping of barley + faba bean (12. 67 g. m-2) and intercropping of barley + pea (56 g. m-2). The weed density at weed free sole culture of barley (30 plants. m-2) was lowest that followed by barley + faba bean intercropping (81 plants per m-2). The lowest species weed diversity was obtained in barley + pea (zero) and weedy barley (0. 007), respectively. The weed diversity of most intercropping treatments was similar or less than that of weedy sole culture. In General, pea or faba bean monoculture had greatest weeds density and biomass, because slow growth and late seedling establishment. However, cereals especially barley controlled weeds properly, due to greater growth rate, higher height and greater density than those of legumes. Intercropping of pea and faba bean with cereals reduced weeds growth and had lower weeds density and biomass than those of pea and faba bean weedy monocultures. In order to increase of legume yields, more density of legume should be intercropped with cereals. Conclusion In general, intercropping treatments caused a significant decrease in weeds density and biomass compared to the legumes monoculture. In this experiment barley and triticale due to good properties such as fast growth, high plant height and more shading could considerably control weeds in both monoculture and intercropping treatments, reducing significantly weeds density and biomass in itself sole culture and intercropping treatments. To reduce the weeds growth in faba bean and pea, which have a poor competitive ability with weeds, intercropping with cereals, especially barley and triticale, in the south of Fars province is recommended. However, intercropping is one of the ways to reduce weeds in the long term and its effects on weeds in the long period will be much more. Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, to finance the project and all those who helped us in this project.

Sustainability and environmental management are the most cited ideas linking the environment and development. The sustainability of natural resources depends upon our paradigm and related approaches to the relationship between society and the environment. Efficient management is a primary task due to the pressure on nature. Ecological footprint analysis has been introduced as an appropriate environmental management tool to address the environmental challenges that Iran is facing and to determine solutions. It is a resource accounting tool which could be applied in environmental planning and management focusing on natural resource consumption. Reviewing and analyzing the biocapacity (BC) and ecological footprint (EF) of Iran in the timeline of 1962-2011 was the main purpose of the study. Based on the findings, EF trend of the country has an increasing trend over time while the BC has a reverse trend. The consumption by farmers and other agricultural actors from resources has been greater than the country`s regenerative capacity regarding the BC and EF of cropland. The sustainability gap has been greater over time due to population growth and other related factors. Despite the different environmental rules and regulations, there was no improvement or progress in sustainability achievement in Iran. Returning to the condition in which EF equals BC is the least action required to decrease the pressure on nature. Effective and suitable environmental policies are needed in order to address the policy gap as well as reduce the EF level to the balance point by appropriate executive activities covering the implementation gap.